"""
shared options and groups

The principle here is to define options once, but *not* instantiate them
globally. One reason being that options with action='append' can carry state
between parses. pip parses general options twice internally, and shouldn't
pass on state. To be consistent, all options will follow this design.
"""

# The following comment should be removed at some point in the future.
# mypy: strict-optional=False
from __future__ import annotations

import logging
import os
import pathlib
import re
import textwrap
from collections.abc import Callable
from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from functools import partial
from optparse import SUPPRESS_HELP, Option, OptionGroup, OptionParser, Values
from textwrap import dedent
from typing import Any

from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name

from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser
from pip._internal.exceptions import CommandError
from pip._internal.locations import USER_CACHE_DIR, get_src_prefix
from pip._internal.models.format_control import FormatControl
from pip._internal.models.index import PyPI
from pip._internal.models.release_control import ReleaseControl
from pip._internal.models.target_python import TargetPython
from pip._internal.utils.datetime import parse_iso_datetime
from pip._internal.utils.hashes import STRONG_HASHES
from pip._internal.utils.misc import strtobool

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def raise_option_error(parser: OptionParser, option: Option, msg: str) -> None:
    """
    Raise an option parsing error using parser.error().

    Args:
      parser: an OptionParser instance.
      option: an Option instance.
      msg: the error text.
    """
    msg = f"{option} error: {msg}"
    msg = textwrap.fill(" ".join(msg.split()))
    parser.error(msg)


def make_option_group(group: dict[str, Any], parser: ConfigOptionParser) -> OptionGroup:
    """
    Return an OptionGroup object
    group  -- assumed to be dict with 'name' and 'options' keys
    parser -- an optparse Parser
    """
    option_group = OptionGroup(parser, group["name"])
    for option in group["options"]:
        option_group.add_option(option())
    return option_group


def check_only_deps_option_does_not_conflict(options: Values) -> None:
    """Function for determining if --only-deps and other incompatible options are
    specified.

    :param options: The OptionParser options.
    """
    if not options.only_dependencies:
        return
    conflicts = []
    if options.ignore_dependencies:
        conflicts.append("'--no-deps'")
    if "legacy-resolver" in options.deprecated_features_enabled:
        conflicts.append("'--use-deprecated legacy-resolver'")
    if options.requirements:
        conflicts.append("'--requirement'")
    if options.requirements_from_scripts:
        conflicts.append("'--requirements-from-script'")
    if options.dependency_groups:
        conflicts.append("'--group'")
    if conflicts:
        if len(conflicts) > 1:
            conflicts[-1] = "or " + conflicts[-1]
        conflict_message = ", ".join(conflicts)
        raise CommandError(
            f"Cannot use '--only-dependencies' in combination with {conflict_message}. "
            "If this is unexpected, please refer to the user guide:\n"
            "\n"
            "    https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/user_guide/#installing-only-dependencies"
        )


def check_dist_restriction(options: Values, check_target: bool = False) -> None:
    """Function for determining if custom platform options are allowed.

    :param options: The OptionParser options.
    :param check_target: Whether or not to check if --target is being used.
    """
    dist_restriction_set = any(
        [
            options.python_version,
            options.platforms,
            options.abis,
            options.implementation,
        ]
    )

    binary_only = FormatControl(set(), {":all:"})
    sdist_dependencies_allowed = (
        options.format_control != binary_only and not options.ignore_dependencies
    )

    # Installations or downloads using dist restrictions must not combine
    # source distributions and dist-specific wheels, as they are not
    # guaranteed to be locally compatible.
    if dist_restriction_set and sdist_dependencies_allowed:
        raise CommandError(
            "When restricting platform and interpreter constraints using "
            "--python-version, --platform, --abi, or --implementation, "
            "either --no-deps must be set, or --only-binary=:all: must be "
            "set and --no-binary must not be set (or must be set to "
            ":none:)."
        )

    if check_target:
        if not options.dry_run and dist_restriction_set and not options.target_dir:
            raise CommandError(
                "Can not use any platform or abi specific options unless "
                "installing via '--target' or using '--dry-run'"
            )

    if dist_restriction_set:
        # Lazy import to keep CLI startup fast
        from pip._internal.utils import pylock as pylock_utils

        for filename in options.requirements:
            if pylock_utils.is_valid_pylock_filename(filename):
                raise CommandError(
                    "Platform and interpreter constraints using "
                    "--python-version, --platform, --abi, or --implementation, "
                    f"are not supported when selecting requirements from {filename!r}"
                )


def check_build_constraints(options: Values) -> None:
    """Function for validating build constraints options.

    :param options: The OptionParser options.
    """
    if hasattr(options, "build_constraints") and options.build_constraints:
        if not options.build_isolation:
            raise CommandError(
                "--build-constraint cannot be used with --no-build-isolation."
            )

        # Import here to avoid circular imports
        from pip._internal.network.session import PipSession
        from pip._internal.req.req_file import get_file_content

        # Eagerly check build constraints file contents
        # is valid so that we don't fail in when trying
        # to check constraints in isolated build process
        with PipSession() as session:
            for constraint_file in options.build_constraints:
                get_file_content(constraint_file, session)


def _path_option_check(option: Option, opt: str, value: str) -> str:
    return os.path.expanduser(value)


def _package_name_option_check(option: Option, opt: str, value: str) -> str:
    return canonicalize_name(value)


class PipOption(Option):
    TYPES = Option.TYPES + ("path", "package_name")
    TYPE_CHECKER = Option.TYPE_CHECKER.copy()
    TYPE_CHECKER["package_name"] = _package_name_option_check
    TYPE_CHECKER["path"] = _path_option_check


###########
# options #
###########

help_: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "-h",
    "--help",
    dest="help",
    action="help",
    help="Show help.",
)

debug_mode: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--debug",
    dest="debug_mode",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help=(
        "Let unhandled exceptions propagate outside the main subroutine, "
        "instead of logging them to stderr."
    ),
)

isolated_mode: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--isolated",
    dest="isolated_mode",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help=(
        "Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user "
        "configuration."
    ),
)

require_virtualenv: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--require-virtualenv",
    "--require-venv",
    dest="require_venv",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help=(
        "Allow pip to only run in a virtual environment; exit with an error otherwise."
    ),
)

override_externally_managed: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--break-system-packages",
    dest="override_externally_managed",
    action="store_true",
    help="Allow pip to modify an EXTERNALLY-MANAGED Python installation",
)

python: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--python",
    dest="python",
    help="Run pip with the specified Python interpreter.",
)

verbose: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "-v",
    "--verbose",
    dest="verbose",
    action="count",
    default=0,
    help="Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.",
)

no_color: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--no-color",
    dest="no_color",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Suppress colored output.",
)

version: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "-V",
    "--version",
    dest="version",
    action="store_true",
    help="Show version and exit.",
)

quiet: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "-q",
    "--quiet",
    dest="quiet",
    action="count",
    default=0,
    help=(
        "Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3"
        " times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging"
        " levels)."
    ),
)

progress_bar: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--progress-bar",
    dest="progress_bar",
    type="choice",
    choices=["auto", "on", "off", "raw"],
    default="auto",
    help=(
        "Specify whether the progress bar should be used. In 'auto'"
        " mode, --quiet will suppress all progress bars."
        " [auto, on, off, raw] (default: auto)"
    ),
)

log: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    PipOption,
    "--log",
    "--log-file",
    "--local-log",
    dest="log",
    metavar="path",
    type="path",
    help="Path to a verbose appending log.",
)

no_input: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    # Don't ask for input
    "--no-input",
    dest="no_input",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Disable prompting for input.",
)

keyring_provider: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--keyring-provider",
    dest="keyring_provider",
    choices=["auto", "disabled", "import", "subprocess"],
    default="auto",
    help=(
        "Enable the credential lookup via the keyring library if user input is allowed."
        " Specify which mechanism to use [auto, disabled, import, subprocess]."
        " (default: %default)"
    ),
)

proxy: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--proxy",
    dest="proxy",
    type="str",
    default=None,
    help="Specify a proxy in the form scheme://[user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.",
)

no_proxy_env: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--no-proxy-env",
    dest="no_proxy_env",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Do not read proxy configuration from environment variables.",
)

retries: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--retries",
    dest="retries",
    type="int",
    default=5,
    help="Maximum attempts to establish a new HTTP connection. (default: %default)",
)

resume_retries: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--resume-retries",
    dest="resume_retries",
    type="int",
    default=5,
    help="Maximum attempts to resume or restart an incomplete download. "
    "(default: %default)",
)

timeout: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--timeout",
    "--default-timeout",
    metavar="sec",
    dest="timeout",
    type="float",
    default=15,
    help="Set the socket timeout (default %default seconds).",
)


def exists_action() -> Option:
    return Option(
        # Option when path already exist
        "--exists-action",
        dest="exists_action",
        type="choice",
        choices=["s", "i", "w", "b", "a"],
        default=[],
        action="append",
        metavar="action",
        help="Default action when a path already exists: "
        "(s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.",
    )


cert: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    PipOption,
    "--cert",
    dest="cert",
    type="path",
    metavar="path",
    help=(
        "Path to PEM-encoded CA certificate bundle. "
        "If provided, overrides the default. "
        "See 'SSL Certificate Verification' in pip documentation "
        "for more information."
    ),
)

client_cert: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    PipOption,
    "--client-cert",
    dest="client_cert",
    type="path",
    default=None,
    metavar="path",
    help="Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the "
    "private key and the certificate in PEM format.",
)

index_url: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "-i",
    "--index-url",
    "--pypi-url",
    dest="index_url",
    metavar="URL",
    default=PyPI.simple_url,
    help="Base URL of the Python Package Index (default %default). "
    "This should point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 "
    "(the simple repository API) or a local directory laid out "
    "in the same format.",
)


def extra_index_url() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "--extra-index-url",
        dest="extra_index_urls",
        metavar="URL",
        action="append",
        default=[],
        help="Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to "
        "--index-url. Should follow the same rules as "
        "--index-url.",
    )


no_index: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--no-index",
    dest="no_index",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).",
)


def find_links() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "-f",
        "--find-links",
        dest="find_links",
        action="append",
        default=[],
        metavar="url",
        help="If a URL or path to an html file, then parse for links to "
        "archives such as sdist (.tar.gz) or wheel (.whl) files. "
        "If a local path or file:// URL that's a directory, "
        "then look for archives in the directory listing. "
        "Links to VCS project URLs are not supported.",
    )


def _handle_uploaded_prior_to(
    option: Option, opt: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    """
    This is an optparse.Option callback for the --uploaded-prior-to option.

    Accepts either an ISO 8601 datetime string (e.g., '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z')
    or a strict subset of ISO 8601 durations: PnD where n is a number of days
    (e.g., 'P7D' for 7 days ago).

    Note: This option only works with indexes that provide upload-time metadata
    as specified in the simple repository API:
    https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/specifications/simple-repository-api/
    """
    if value is None:
        return None

    # Try ISO 8601 duration in PnD format. The leading 'P' disambiguates
    # from absolute datetimes. Only whole days are supported; the format may
    # be extended to more of the ISO 8601 duration syntax in the future if
    # a real need is presented.
    match = re.match(r"^P(\d+)D$", value, re.ASCII)
    if match:
        days = int(match.group(1))
        parser.values.uploaded_prior_to = datetime.now(timezone.utc) - timedelta(
            days=days
        )
        return

    try:
        uploaded_prior_to = parse_iso_datetime(value)
        # Use local timezone if no offset is given in the ISO string.
        if uploaded_prior_to.tzinfo is None:
            uploaded_prior_to = uploaded_prior_to.astimezone()
        parser.values.uploaded_prior_to = uploaded_prior_to
    except ValueError as exc:
        msg = (
            f"invalid value: {value!r}: {exc}. "
            f"Expected an ISO 8601 datetime string "
            f"(e.g., '2023-01-01' or '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z') "
            f"or a duration in days (e.g., 'P3D')"
        )
        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)


def uploaded_prior_to() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "--uploaded-prior-to",
        dest="uploaded_prior_to",
        metavar="datetime_or_duration",
        action="callback",
        callback=_handle_uploaded_prior_to,
        type="str",
        help=(
            "Only consider packages uploaded prior to the given value. "
            "Accepts an ISO 8601 datetime (e.g., '2023-01-01T00:00:00Z', "
            "uses local timezone if none specified) or a duration in days "
            "(e.g., 'P3D' for packages uploaded at least 3 days ago). "
            "Only effective when using indexes that provide "
            "upload-time metadata."
        ),
    )


def trusted_host() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "--trusted-host",
        dest="trusted_hosts",
        action="append",
        metavar="HOSTNAME",
        default=[],
        help="Mark this host or host:port pair as trusted, even though it "
        "does not have valid or any HTTPS.",
    )


def constraints() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "-c",
        "--constraint",
        dest="constraints",
        action="append",
        default=[],
        metavar="file",
        help="Constrain versions using the given constraints file. "
        "This option can be used multiple times.",
    )


def build_constraints() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "--build-constraint",
        dest="build_constraints",
        action="append",
        type="str",
        default=[],
        metavar="file",
        help=(
            "Constrain build dependencies using the given constraints file. "
            "This option can be used multiple times."
        ),
    )


def requirements() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "-r",
        "--requirement",
        dest="requirements",
        action="append",
        default=[],
        metavar="file",
        help=(
            "Install from the given requirements file. "
            "The file or URL can be in pip's requirements.txt format, "
            "or pylock.toml format. pylock.toml support is experimental. "
            "This option can be used multiple times."
        ),
    )


def requirements_from_scripts() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "--requirements-from-script",
        action="append",
        default=[],
        dest="requirements_from_scripts",
        metavar="file",
        help="Install dependencies of the given script file "
        "as defined by PEP 723 inline metadata. ",
    )


def editable() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "-e",
        "--editable",
        dest="editables",
        action="append",
        default=[],
        metavar="path/url",
        help=(
            "Install a project in editable mode (i.e. setuptools "
            '"develop mode") from a local project path or a VCS url.'
        ),
    )


def _handle_src(option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser) -> None:
    value = os.path.abspath(value)
    setattr(parser.values, option.dest, value)


src: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    PipOption,
    "--src",
    "--source",
    "--source-dir",
    "--source-directory",
    dest="src_dir",
    type="path",
    metavar="dir",
    default=get_src_prefix(),
    action="callback",
    callback=_handle_src,
    help="Directory to check out editable projects into. "
    'The default in a virtualenv is "<venv path>/src". '
    'The default for global installs is "<current dir>/src".',
)


def _get_format_control(values: Values, option: Option) -> Any:
    """Get a format_control object."""
    return getattr(values, option.dest)


def _handle_no_binary(
    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    existing = _get_format_control(parser.values, option)
    FormatControl.handle_mutual_excludes(
        value,
        existing.no_binary,
        existing.only_binary,
    )


def _handle_only_binary(
    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    existing = _get_format_control(parser.values, option)
    FormatControl.handle_mutual_excludes(
        value,
        existing.only_binary,
        existing.no_binary,
    )


def no_binary() -> Option:
    format_control = FormatControl(set(), set())
    return Option(
        "--no-binary",
        dest="format_control",
        action="callback",
        callback=_handle_no_binary,
        type="str",
        default=format_control,
        help="Do not download binary packages. Cached binary packages may still "
        "be used. Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to "
        "the existing value. Accepts either ':all:' to disable all binary "
        "packages, ':none:' to empty the set (notice the colons), or one "
        "or more package names with commas between them (no colons). "
        "Note that some packages are tricky to compile and may fail to "
        "install when this option is used on them.",
    )


def only_binary() -> Option:
    format_control = FormatControl(set(), set())
    return Option(
        "--only-binary",
        dest="format_control",
        action="callback",
        callback=_handle_only_binary,
        type="str",
        default=format_control,
        help="Do not use source packages. Can be supplied multiple times, and "
        'each time adds to the existing value. Accepts either ":all:" to '
        'disable all source packages, ":none:" to empty the set, or one '
        "or more package names with commas between them. Packages "
        "without binary distributions will fail to install when this "
        "option is used on them.",
    )


def _get_release_control(values: Values, option: Option) -> Any:
    """Get a release_control object."""
    return getattr(values, option.dest)


def _handle_all_releases(
    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    existing = _get_release_control(parser.values, option)
    existing.handle_mutual_excludes(
        value,
        existing.all_releases,
        existing.only_final,
        "all_releases",
    )


def _handle_only_final(
    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    existing = _get_release_control(parser.values, option)
    existing.handle_mutual_excludes(
        value,
        existing.only_final,
        existing.all_releases,
        "only_final",
    )


def all_releases() -> Option:
    release_control = ReleaseControl(set(), set())
    return Option(
        "--all-releases",
        dest="release_control",
        action="callback",
        callback=_handle_all_releases,
        type="str",
        default=release_control,
        help="Allow all release types (including pre-releases) for a package. "
        "Can be supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing "
        'value. Accepts either ":all:" to allow pre-releases for all '
        'packages, ":none:" to empty the set (notice the colons), or one or '
        "more package names with commas between them (no colons). Cannot be "
        "used with --pre.",
    )


def only_final() -> Option:
    release_control = ReleaseControl(set(), set())
    return Option(
        "--only-final",
        dest="release_control",
        action="callback",
        callback=_handle_only_final,
        type="str",
        default=release_control,
        help="Only allow final releases (no pre-releases) for a package. Can be "
        "supplied multiple times, and each time adds to the existing value. "
        'Accepts either ":all:" to disable pre-releases for all packages, '
        '":none:" to empty the set, or one or more package names with commas '
        "between them. Cannot be used with --pre.",
    )


def check_release_control_exclusive(options: Values) -> None:
    """
    Raise an error if --pre is used with --all-releases or --only-final,
    and transform --pre into --all-releases :all: if used alone.
    """
    if not hasattr(options, "pre") or not options.pre:
        return

    release_control = options.release_control
    if release_control.all_releases or release_control.only_final:
        raise CommandError("--pre cannot be used with --all-releases or --only-final.")

    # Transform --pre into --all-releases :all:
    release_control.all_releases.add(":all:")


platforms: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--platform",
    dest="platforms",
    metavar="platform",
    action="append",
    default=None,
    help=(
        "Only use wheels compatible with <platform>. Defaults to the "
        "platform of the running system. Use this option multiple times to "
        "specify multiple platforms supported by the target interpreter."
    ),
)


# This was made a separate function for unit-testing purposes.
def _convert_python_version(value: str) -> tuple[tuple[int, ...], str | None]:
    """
    Convert a version string like "3", "37", or "3.7.3" into a tuple of ints.

    :return: A 2-tuple (version_info, error_msg), where `error_msg` is
        non-None if and only if there was a parsing error.
    """
    if not value:
        # The empty string is the same as not providing a value.
        return (None, None)

    parts = value.split(".")
    if len(parts) > 3:
        return ((), "at most three version parts are allowed")

    if len(parts) == 1:
        # Then we are in the case of "3" or "37".
        value = parts[0]
        if len(value) > 1:
            parts = [value[0], value[1:]]

    try:
        version_info = tuple(int(part) for part in parts)
    except ValueError:
        return ((), "each version part must be an integer")

    return (version_info, None)


def _handle_python_version(
    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    """
    Handle a provided --python-version value.
    """
    version_info, error_msg = _convert_python_version(value)
    if error_msg is not None:
        msg = f"invalid --python-version value: {value!r}: {error_msg}"
        raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)

    parser.values.python_version = version_info


python_version: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--python-version",
    dest="python_version",
    metavar="python_version",
    action="callback",
    callback=_handle_python_version,
    type="str",
    default=None,
    help=dedent("""\
    The Python interpreter version to use for wheel and "Requires-Python"
    compatibility checks. Defaults to a version derived from the running
    interpreter. The version can be specified using up to three dot-separated
    integers (e.g. "3" for 3.0.0, "3.7" for 3.7.0, or "3.7.3"). A major-minor
    version can also be given as a string without dots (e.g. "37" for 3.7.0).
    """),
)


implementation: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--implementation",
    dest="implementation",
    metavar="implementation",
    default=None,
    help=(
        "Only use wheels compatible with Python "
        "implementation <implementation>, e.g. 'pp', 'jy', 'cp', "
        " or 'ip'. If not specified, then the current "
        "interpreter implementation is used.  Use 'py' to force "
        "implementation-agnostic wheels."
    ),
)


abis: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--abi",
    dest="abis",
    metavar="abi",
    action="append",
    default=None,
    help=(
        "Only use wheels compatible with Python abi <abi>, e.g. 'pypy_41'. "
        "If not specified, then the current interpreter abi tag is used. "
        "Use this option multiple times to specify multiple abis supported "
        "by the target interpreter. Generally you will need to specify "
        "--implementation, --platform, and --python-version when using this "
        "option."
    ),
)


def add_target_python_options(cmd_opts: OptionGroup) -> None:
    cmd_opts.add_option(platforms())
    cmd_opts.add_option(python_version())
    cmd_opts.add_option(implementation())
    cmd_opts.add_option(abis())


def make_target_python(options: Values) -> TargetPython:
    target_python = TargetPython(
        platforms=options.platforms,
        py_version_info=options.python_version,
        abis=options.abis,
        implementation=options.implementation,
    )

    return target_python


def prefer_binary() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "--prefer-binary",
        dest="prefer_binary",
        action="store_true",
        default=False,
        help=(
            "Prefer binary packages over source packages, even if the "
            "source packages are newer."
        ),
    )


cache_dir: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    PipOption,
    "--cache-dir",
    dest="cache_dir",
    default=USER_CACHE_DIR,
    metavar="dir",
    type="path",
    help="Store the cache data in <dir>.",
)


def _handle_no_cache_dir(
    option: Option, opt: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    """
    Process a value provided for the --no-cache-dir option.

    This is an optparse.Option callback for the --no-cache-dir option.
    """
    # The value argument will be None if --no-cache-dir is passed via the
    # command-line, since the option doesn't accept arguments.  However,
    # the value can be non-None if the option is triggered e.g. by an
    # environment variable, like PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=true.
    if value is not None:
        # Then parse the string value to get argument error-checking.
        try:
            strtobool(value)
        except ValueError as exc:
            raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=str(exc))

    # Originally, setting PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR to a value that strtobool()
    # converted to 0 (like "false" or "no") caused cache_dir to be disabled
    # rather than enabled (logic would say the latter).  Thus, we disable
    # the cache directory not just on values that parse to True, but (for
    # backwards compatibility reasons) also on values that parse to False.
    # In other words, always set it to False if the option is provided in
    # some (valid) form.
    parser.values.cache_dir = False


no_cache: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--no-cache-dir",
    dest="cache_dir",
    action="callback",
    callback=_handle_no_cache_dir,
    help="Disable the cache.",
)

no_deps: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--no-deps",
    "--no-dependencies",
    dest="ignore_dependencies",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Don't install package dependencies.",
)


def _handle_refresh_package(
    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    if value.startswith("-"):
        raise CommandError("--refresh-package option requires 1 argument.")

    existing: set[str] = getattr(parser.values, option.dest)

    new = value.split(",")
    while ":all:" in new:
        existing.clear()
        existing.add(":all:")
        del new[: new.index(":all:") + 1]
        if ":none:" not in new:
            return

    for name in new:
        if name == ":none:":
            existing.clear()
        else:
            existing.add(canonicalize_name(name))


def refresh_package() -> Option:
    return Option(
        "--refresh-package",
        dest="refresh_package",
        action="callback",
        callback=_handle_refresh_package,
        type="str",
        default=set(),
        help="Refresh package index information for the given packages instead "
        "of using cached responses. Accepts ':all:' to apply "
        "to all packages, or a comma-separated list of package names.",
    )


only_deps: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--only-deps",
    "--only-dependencies",
    dest="only_dependencies",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help=(
        "Take only the dependencies of the provided requirements into account, "
        "not the requirements themselves. Cannot be used in combination with "
        "--no-deps, --group, --requirement, or --requirements-from-script. "
        "No user-supplied requirements will be handled, even if they were "
        "dependencies of other user-supplied requirements."
    ),
)


def _handle_dependency_group(
    option: Option, opt: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    """
    Process a value provided for the --group option.

    Splits on the rightmost ":", and validates that the path (if present) ends
    in `pyproject.toml`. Defaults the path to `pyproject.toml` when one is not given.

    `:` cannot appear in dependency group names, so this is a safe and simple parse.

    This is an optparse.Option callback for the dependency_groups option.
    """
    path, sep, groupname = value.rpartition(":")
    if not sep:
        path = "pyproject.toml"
    else:
        # check for 'pyproject.toml' filenames using pathlib
        if pathlib.PurePath(path).name != "pyproject.toml":
            msg = "group paths use 'pyproject.toml' filenames"
            raise_option_error(parser, option=option, msg=msg)

    parser.values.dependency_groups.append((path, groupname))


dependency_groups: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--group",
    dest="dependency_groups",
    default=[],
    type=str,
    action="callback",
    callback=_handle_dependency_group,
    metavar="[path:]group",
    help='Install a named dependency-group from a "pyproject.toml" file. '
    'If a path is given, the name of the file must be "pyproject.toml". '
    'Defaults to using "pyproject.toml" in the current directory.',
)

ignore_requires_python: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--ignore-requires-python",
    dest="ignore_requires_python",
    action="store_true",
    help="Ignore the Requires-Python information.",
)


no_build_isolation: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--no-build-isolation",
    dest="build_isolation",
    action="store_false",
    default=True,
    help="Disable isolation when building a modern source distribution. "
    "Build dependencies specified by PEP 518 must be already installed "
    "if this option is used.",
)

check_build_deps: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--check-build-dependencies",
    dest="check_build_deps",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Check the build dependencies.",
)


use_pep517: Any = partial(
    Option,
    "--use-pep517",
    dest="use_pep517",
    action="store_true",
    default=True,
    help=SUPPRESS_HELP,
)


def _handle_config_settings(
    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    key, sep, val = value.partition("=")
    if sep != "=":
        parser.error(f"Arguments to {opt_str} must be of the form KEY=VAL")
    dest = getattr(parser.values, option.dest)
    if dest is None:
        dest = {}
        setattr(parser.values, option.dest, dest)
    if key in dest:
        if isinstance(dest[key], list):
            dest[key].append(val)
        else:
            dest[key] = [dest[key], val]
    else:
        dest[key] = val


config_settings: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "-C",
    "--config-settings",
    dest="config_settings",
    type=str,
    action="callback",
    callback=_handle_config_settings,
    metavar="settings",
    help="Configuration settings to be passed to the build backend. "
    "Settings take the form KEY=VALUE. Use multiple --config-settings options "
    "to pass multiple keys to the backend.",
)

no_clean: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--no-clean",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Don't clean up build directories.",
)

pre: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--pre",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Include pre-release and development versions. By default, "
    "pip only finds stable versions.",
)

json: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--json",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Output data in a machine-readable JSON format.",
)

disable_pip_version_check: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--disable-pip-version-check",
    dest="disable_pip_version_check",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version "
    "of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.",
)

root_user_action: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--root-user-action",
    dest="root_user_action",
    default="warn",
    choices=["warn", "ignore"],
    help="Action if pip is run as a root user [warn, ignore] (default: warn)",
)


def _handle_merge_hash(
    option: Option, opt_str: str, value: str, parser: OptionParser
) -> None:
    """Given a value spelled "algo:digest", append the digest to a list
    pointed to in a dict by the algo name."""
    if not parser.values.hashes:
        parser.values.hashes = {}
    try:
        algo, digest = value.split(":", 1)
    except ValueError:
        parser.error(
            f"Arguments to {opt_str} must be a hash name "
            "followed by a value, like --hash=sha256:"
            "abcde..."
        )
    if algo not in STRONG_HASHES:
        parser.error(
            "Allowed hash algorithms for {} are {}.".format(
                opt_str, ", ".join(STRONG_HASHES)
            )
        )
    parser.values.hashes.setdefault(algo, []).append(digest)


hash: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--hash",
    # Hash values eventually end up in InstallRequirement.hashes due to
    # __dict__ copying in process_line().
    dest="hashes",
    action="callback",
    callback=_handle_merge_hash,
    type="string",
    help="Verify that the package's archive matches this "
    "hash before installing. Example: --hash=sha256:abcdef...",
)


require_hashes: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--require-hashes",
    dest="require_hashes",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Require a hash to check each requirement against, for "
    "repeatable installs. This option is implied when any package in a "
    "requirements file has a --hash option.",
)


no_require_hashes: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--no-require-hashes",
    dest="no_require_hashes",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help="Do not automatically enable --require-hashes "
    "when encountering a requirement with hashes.",
)


list_path: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    PipOption,
    "--path",
    dest="path",
    type="path",
    action="append",
    help="Restrict to the specified installation path for listing "
    "packages (can be used multiple times).",
)


def check_list_path_option(options: Values) -> None:
    if options.path and (options.user or options.local):
        raise CommandError("Cannot combine '--path' with '--user' or '--local'")


list_exclude: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    PipOption,
    "--exclude",
    dest="excludes",
    action="append",
    metavar="package",
    type="package_name",
    help="Exclude specified package from the output",
)


no_python_version_warning: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--no-python-version-warning",
    dest="no_python_version_warning",
    action="store_true",
    default=False,
    help=SUPPRESS_HELP,  # No-op, a hold-over from the Python 2->3 transition.
)


# Features that are now always on. A warning is printed if they are used.
ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES = [
    "truststore",  # always on since 24.2
    "no-binary-enable-wheel-cache",  # always on since 23.1
    "build-constraint",  # always on since 26.2
]

use_new_feature: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--use-feature",
    dest="features_enabled",
    metavar="feature",
    action="append",
    default=[],
    choices=[
        "fast-deps",
        "inprocess-build-deps",
        "venv-isolation",
    ]
    + ALWAYS_ENABLED_FEATURES,
    help="Enable new functionality, that may be backward incompatible.",
)

use_deprecated_feature: Callable[..., Option] = partial(
    Option,
    "--use-deprecated",
    dest="deprecated_features_enabled",
    metavar="feature",
    action="append",
    default=[],
    choices=[
        "legacy-resolver",
        "legacy-certs",
    ],
    help=("Enable deprecated functionality, that will be removed in the future."),
)

##########
# groups #
##########

general_group: dict[str, Any] = {
    "name": "General Options",
    "options": [
        help_,
        debug_mode,
        isolated_mode,
        require_virtualenv,
        python,
        verbose,
        version,
        quiet,
        log,
        no_input,
        keyring_provider,
        proxy,
        no_proxy_env,
        retries,
        timeout,
        exists_action,
        trusted_host,
        cert,
        client_cert,
        cache_dir,
        no_cache,
        disable_pip_version_check,
        no_color,
        no_python_version_warning,
        use_new_feature,
        use_deprecated_feature,
        resume_retries,
    ],
}

index_group: dict[str, Any] = {
    "name": "Package Index Options",
    "options": [
        index_url,
        extra_index_url,
        no_index,
        refresh_package,
        find_links,
        uploaded_prior_to,
    ],
}

package_selection_group: dict[str, Any] = {
    "name": "Package Selection Options",
    "options": [
        pre,
        all_releases,
        only_final,
        no_binary,
        only_binary,
        prefer_binary,
    ],
}